Filling Before Advancing: Capability-Gap-Driven Post-Training for Scenario-Specialized Remote

It also outperforms collapsed training and leads the evaluated comparisons on harbor-related VRSBench and RSVQA subsets and expert-scored OpenEval. It comes from a paper posted to arXiv on 17 October 2026. Remote sensing multimodal large language models (RS-MLLMs) have advanced aerial-image understanding, but scenario specialization remains constrained by scarce high-quality supervision and incomplete capability coverage. We propose filling before advancing (FBA), a capability-gap-driven post-training route that develops prerequisite capabilities before scenario-specific adaptation. For coastal harbor understanding, we construct CPRS (Coastal-Port Remote Sensing), a three-layer dataset covering RGB, SAR, PAN, and NIR imagery. FBA organizes supervision into RS semantic anchoring, multi-source bridging, and evidence-grounded scenario tuning. We also introduce HarborEval, an eight-track benchmark assessing perception, spatial understanding, robustness, and generation. Using the same final-task supervision pool, FBA raises the HarborEval score from 57.95 to 70.29 on LLaVA-v1.5 and from 81.09 to 83.37 on Qwen3-VL compared with Direct-SFT. Stage-wise and supervision-replacement analyses examine the contributions of the supervision roles. A lightweight urban instantiation further supports cross-scenario applicability, with the proposed stage order achieving stronger overall performance than the tested alternatives. Project resources and release updates are available at https://github.com/Z0ngL1ng/filling-before-advancing.

Why it counts

It also outperforms collapsed training and leads the evaluated comparisons on harbor-related VRSBench and RSVQA subsets and expert-scored OpenEval.

Sources

Primary source: primary source

What is not known

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