Mr.LHDR: A Benchmark for Multimodal Real-World Long-Horizon Deep Research Agents

Removing images reduces DACS by 12.6 points, demonstrating the importance of multimodal evidence, while SA consistently declines as reasoning chains become longer. It comes from a paper posted to arXiv on 14 September 2026. Deep research agents are increasingly capable of web search, tool use, multimodal evidence analysis, and information synthesis. However, existing benchmarks mainly evaluate medium-horizon exploration and rarely test whether agents can sustain long, dependency-heavy research processes. We introduce Mr. LHDR (Multimodal real-world Long-Horizon Deep Research), a benchmark for evaluating real-world deep research over long, irreducible chains of interdependent evidence across eight categories. Each question is constructed from a hidden Node-Relation graph and requires an average of 12.1 necessary intermediate conclusions with a mean dependency depth of 10.4 before reaching a short, unique, and verifiable answer. Questions incorporate multimodal evidence, including images, maps, PDFs, logos, charts, tables, and video frames, with at least one non-text element that changes the reasoning state. Mr. LHDR evaluates both final answers and the correctness of intermediate conclusions under annotated dependencies. We evaluate general models, deep research systems, and agent frameworks using Overall Accuracy (OA), Strict Accuracy (SA), Checklist Score (CS), and Dependency-Aware Checklist Score (DACS). Results show that even the strongest system achieves only 43.1% OA and 34.3% SA, indicating that final-answer accuracy substantially overestimates complete research success. These findings reveal sustained, dependency-consistent evidence integration, rather than isolated fact retrieval, as a key bottleneck for current deep research agents.

Why it counts

Removing images reduces DACS by 12.6 points, demonstrating the importance of multimodal evidence, while SA consistently declines as reasoning chains become longer.

Sources

Primary source: primary source

What is not known

This brief does not claim independent replication. Claims that appear only on X and not in the primary source stay unknown.